Program Description
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Drama is considered as the mirror of life or society. Dramatic literature is very rich in Sanskrit. Two Sanskrit dramas are taken as text in MA 1st semester curriculum. These are Kalidasa’s Malavikagnimitram and Vishakhadatta’s Mudrarakshasam. Malavikagnimitram, a five-act drama, depicts the love between the king Agnimitra and princess Malavika. Mudrarakshasam, a seven-act political drama is written based on the fall of Nanda and the rise of Maurya dynasty in Indian history. Both the dramas are very famous and interesting in Sanskrit.
Sanskrit literature has many books of poetry and prose. In BA (Hons) coure some books were taught. Here two books of poetry and one book of prose are included. These are Magha’s Shishupalavadham, Jayadeva’s Gitagovindam and Banabhatta’s Harshacharitam. Some selected portions of these books are included in the curriculum.
The course is comprised of Sanskrit Grammar Siddhantakaumudi by Bhattojidikshita. Through this course the students will be developed knowledge about euphonic combination and verbal suffix. Besides these through this course the students will be strengthened in grammatical competence and will be able to solve problems of Sanskrit grammar and Sanskrit language.
This course is comprised of essay and translation. The content of this course is designed to strengthen students’ ability in writing essay and translation. Extra emphasis is given on developing students’ grammatical competence and writing ability. Through this course the students will be acquainted with the terms of the essay and translation properly.
Two Sanskrit dramas are taken as text in MA 2nd semester curriculum. These are Shudraka’s Mricchakatikam and Bhattanarayana’s Venisamharam. Mricchakatikam, a ten-act drama, depicts the love between Charudatta and Vasantasena. This drama is technically a Prakarana type of drama. It has a sub plot where the love between Sharvilaka and Madanika and a civil revolution are shown. It is one of the remarkable drama in the history of Sanskrit drama in various sense. The plot of Venisamharam is based on the Mahabharata-story and it has six acts. This drama is remarkable for its Bengali writer.
Sanskrit literature is primarily divided into two classes namely prose and poetry. Poetry is composed in verses. Poetry is again divided into three classes namely mahakavya (epic), khandakavya and prakirna kavita. Mahakavya develops on a famous story whose verses are interrelated with each other in case of expressing meaning. But the verses of prakirna kavita are not interrelated. They are independent in case of expressing meaning. The course includes canto IX of mahakavya (epic) Naishadhacharitam by Shriharsha and a poem Nitishatakam by Bhartrihari belonging to the prakirna kavita class. From this course one can gather knowledge about mahakavya and morality.
The course is comprised of two grammatical text books: Mahabhashya and Siddhantakaumudi. Mahabhashya is written by Patanjali and Siddhantakaumudi is written by Bhattojidikshita. Through Mahabhashya the students will be acquainted with the history of Sanskrit grammar and to know about three great Sanskrit grammarians (Panini, Katyayana and Patanjali). Through Siddhantakaumudi the students will be developed knowledge in nominal suffix. The students will be strengthened in grammatical competence and will be able to solve problems of Sanskrit grammar and Sanskrit language.
This course is comprised of Samkhyakarika, written by Ishwarakrishna and Brahamasutra-chatuhsutri (with Shankara’s commentary). From this course the students will get the knowledge of Samkhya and Vedanta philosophy.
This course depicts the family and social life and politics of ancient India. Dharmashastra indicates the rules and regulations of dharma and customs of family and social life. Arthashastra describes the various directions of politics. This course is very helpful to know the ancient Indian social life and politics. Among the Dharmashastras some selected portions of Yajnavalkya-smriti and Dayabhaga of Jimutavahana and some selected portions of Kautilya’s Arthashastra are included in the curriculum.
This course deals with rhetoric and dramaturgy in Sanskrit. In this discipline of knowledge Sanskrit has a rich tradition. To analyse literature, this knowledge is very necessary. In its history first book of rhetoric or dramaturgy is Bharata’s Natyashastram. Some books of this discipline are included in the curriculum.